Face masks are effective in limiting the dispersal of oropharyngeal droplets 918 and are recommended for the placement of central venous catheters 919. As a result, the question of whether face masks should be worn to prevent droplet spread of oral flora during spinal procedures (e.g., myelogram, lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia) has been debated 916, 917. Bacterial meningitis following myelogram and other spinal procedures (e.g., lumbar puncture, spinal and epidural anesthesia, intrathecal chemotherapy) has been reported previously 906-915. However, none of the clinicians wore a face mask, giving rise to the speculation that droplet transmission of oralpharyngeal flora was the most likely explanation for these infections.
The principles of asepsis skin#
Procedural details available for seven cases determined that antiseptic skin preparations and sterile gloves had been used. Equipment and products used during these procedures (e.g., contrast media) were excluded as probable sources of contamination.
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Blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid of all eight cases yielded streptococcal species consistent with oropharyngeal flora and there were changes in the CSF indices and clinical status indicative of bacterial meningitis. In 2004, CDC investigated eight cases of post-myelography meningitis that either were reported to CDC or identified through a survey of the Emerging Infections Network of the Infectious Disease Society of America.
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These include the use of a sterile, single-use, disposable needle and syringe for each injection given and prevention of contamination of injection equipment and medication. These and other outbreaks of viral hepatitis could have been prevented by adherence to basic principles of aseptic technique for the preparation and administration of parenteral medications 453, 454. In one of these outbreaks, preparation of medications in the same workspace where used needle/syringes were dismantled also may have been a contributing factor. The primary breaches in infection control practice that contributed to these outbreaks were 1) reinsertion of used needles into a multiple-dose vial or solution container (e.g., saline bag) and 2) use of a single needle/syringe to administer intravenous medication to multiple patients. The four outbreaks occurred in a private medical practice, a pain clinic, an endoscopy clinic, and a hematology/oncology clinic. It is the responsibility of all health care workers to speak up and protect all patients from infection.The investigation of four large outbreaks of HBV and HCV among patients in ambulatory care facilities in the United States identified a need to define and reinforce safe injection practices 453. These principles must be strictly applied when performing any aseptic procedures, when assisting with aseptic procedures, and when intervening when the principles of surgical asepsis are breached. When to apply the principles of surgical asepsis? Keep in mind that a sealed sterile package must be opened at some point during patient care to use the contents. In sterile technique, all microorganisms must be maintained at an irreducible number, meaning as low as absolutely possible. Sterile technique incorporates many processes associated with asepsis, but to a higher, more controlled degree. What is the difference between sterile and aseptic techniques? Techniques are based on the central principle that microorganisms transmit disease from objects, surfaces, air, and dust to patients and personnel. The objectives of the technique are containment, confinement, reduction, and elimination of microorganisms to prevent contamination of the sterile field. What are the objectives of the aseptic technique? Strict aseptic technique is needed at all times in an operating room. Aseptic technique is the method by which contamination with bacteria is prevented. Surgery is one step in the total process of restoring health to the patient and constitutes the first step in rehabilitation. These principles include the following: (1) use only sterile items within a sterile field (2) sterile (scrubbed) personnel are gowned and gloved (3) sterile personnel operate within a sterile field (sterile personnel touch only sterile items or areas, unsterile personnel touch only unsterile items or areas) (4) … What is operating room technique? What are the 5 basic principles of asepsis?
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This is a strict form of aseptic technique that can be used outside the operating room. The strictest form of aseptic technique, sterile technique is intended to provide a space that has no germs whatsoever.